دلالات حروف الجر في سورة الملك

Abstract

Language constitutes a fundamental pillar and an effective instrument for fostering the interconnectedness and cohesion of nations. It is regarded as one of the most essential foundations for their survival and continuity and serves as a principal means of communication among members of human societies. The advancement and prosperity of any nation or society are closely associated with the development and refinement of its language. Moreover, language is the most significant feature distinguishing human beings from other creatures, as it represents a highly sophisticated means of communication and mutual understanding. The Arabic language is regarded as one of the most distinguished languages in the world. It has attracted the admiration of non-Arab scholars, and numerous Orientalists have written extensively about its greatness. Arabic is particularly distinguished by the richness and breadth of its lexical resources, the precision and power of its semantic expression, the strength of its syntactic construction and coherence, and the abundance and diversity of its linguistic structures. Its status and distinction were further elevated when Allah chose it as the language of the Qur’an, the greatest revealed Book, which contains the word of Allah revealed to the Seal of the Prophets and Messengers, Muhammad (peace and blessings be upon him). It is also described as the language of the people of the Hereafter. An examination of the grammatical categories of the Arabic language shows that it is fundamentally divided into three major categories: nouns, verbs, and particles. The number of particles of meaning (huruf al-maʿani) in Arabic has been estimated at approximately eighty, with each particle having particular meanings and usages that distinguish the Arabic language. This study seeks to shed light on one particular category of these particles, namely prepositions, focusing on their meanings and uses and adopting Surat Al-Mulk as an applied model. The study is organized into five sections. The first section is devoted to prepositions, including their number, categories, and meanings. The second section examines the use of prepositions, emphasizing the semantic multiplicity that characterizes particles in the Arabic language. The third section addresses the semantic functions and applications of prepositions in Surat Al-Mulk. It examines six prepositions bi ( بِـ), ʿalā (عَلَى) min (مِنْ ) fī (فِي) ilā (إِلَى ) and li- (لِـ)which constitute the set of prepositions occurring in the surah. The conclusion summarizes the most significant findings reached by the study, followed by a list of the sources and references consulted.