التهديدات المعاصرة للأمن الإنساني في إطار القانون الدولي – العراق أنموذجاً

Abstract

This research examines the concept of human security within the framework of contemporary international law as a modern, multidimensional concept aimed at protecting individuals from threats affecting their lives, dignity, and security, whether political, economic, social, environmental, or health-related. The study highlights the shift in the understanding of security from a traditional state-centered concept to a more comprehensive approach focused on the security of individuals and communities. The research explores the nature of the threats facing human security at the international level, particularly international and internal conflicts, terrorism, organized crime, poverty, infectious diseases, environmental degradation, and the scarcity of natural resources. It further demonstrates the close interrelationship among these threats and their mutual impact in exacerbating humanitarian crises and undermining international stability. The study also discusses the role of the United Nations and international institutions in addressing these challenges, while highlighting the shortcomings of collective security mechanisms and the lack of neutrality in certain international interventions. In addition, the research dedicates an applied section to examining the challenges confronting human security in Iraq through an analysis of the consequences of the American occupation and the violations of the principles of international humanitarian law associated with it, as well as internal conflicts, the spread of organized crime, the proliferation of terrorism, and the deterioration of economic and social conditions. Furthermore, it addresses water security challenges, which constitute a direct strategic threat to human security and sustainable development in the country. The study concludes that strengthening human security requires the adoption of a comprehensive approach based on respect for the rules of international law, the enhancement of the role of national and international institutions, the achievement of sustainable development, and the promotion of regional and international cooperation. Such measures are essential to ensuring the protection of individuals and their rights and to achieving stability and peace at both the national and international levels.