مقوِّمات تحقيق التنمية السياسية المستدامة في العراق بعد التغيير عام 2003م وآفاقها المستقبلية لحماية حقوق الإنسان وحرياته

Abstract

Since 2003, the change that occurred in Iraq has enabled the emergence of early signs of modernization in political institutions and structures, in accordance with standards and trends aimed at developing the mechanisms and practices of political work within a configuration established on the ruins of the previously prevailing order. This was accompanied by a conscious response and initial forms of cooperation and international coordination by states, bodies, and global institutions in pursuit of that objective. Indeed, procedures were initiated that made it possible to begin a process of political development directed toward enhancing the foundations of political practice, modernizing its mechanisms, and opening horizons for a modern society characterized by a value system capable of transcending the crises and problems of society—an aspiration long envisioned by peoples—despite the fact that its beginnings were at the institutional level.

However, this experience soon faced a set of societal challenges alongside external challenges, which exposed it to setbacks despite the availability of certain elements of success. Therefore, this study will address the most significant challenges that impeded the realization of genuine political development at the internal level, since the foundations of development appear clearly within internal challenges across several levels, notwithstanding the presence of indicators suggesting that its prerequisites had been prepared—without attributing the absence or regression of political development solely to the external factor, which may be no less dangerous or influential. Nevertheless, political development remains constrained by internal awareness, will, and their various interactions.