الديون المرفقية والحماية القانونية العامة الواجبة بها

Abstract

The Public utilities, through their tasks and the services they provide, whether sovereign, economic, service-related, or even professional, aim to achieve public benefit through these services. These services may also meet various financial obligations, meaning that public utilities collect cash sums in exchange for the services they provide. Therefore, these services cannot be left without legal protection for the resulting debts owed by the recipients of these services, which are called utility debts, or what is known as "public utility debts." These are debts owed to public utilities, such as municipalities, ministries, and state-owned companies. which are collected in accordance with specific laws and regulations. These debts are often characterized by rapid collection procedures. These funds are owed to government institutions and agencies, and may include (taxes and fees) amounts due for services, or any other debts arising from dealings with these utilities. Public debts are subject to special laws and procedures, which are often faster and more stringent than regular debt collection procedures. These debts contribute to providing the necessary funding for public utilities to provide their services to citizens, thus preserving public funds and ensuring that they are not lost. Therefore, we find that the Iraqi legislator has provided legal protection, whether in public or private law, for these debts in many laws. This protection is represented by private and public protection, which is the focus of our research, which is represented by administrative protection of debts and criminal protection.