تقييم تدهور التربة في منطقة العيثة جنوب قضاء المقدادية باستخدام بعض المؤشرات الطيفية (دراسة جيومورفولوجية)

Abstract

Al-Aitha area is located south of Al-Muqdadiyah city in Diyala governorate. It consists of two agricultural districts with an area of ​​(55,034) acres, equivalent to (141.5 km2), surrounded by a group of agricultural districts, all of which are affiliated with Al-Muqdadiyah city, with the exception of Mubarak district, which borders it from the south and is affiliated with Baladruz city. This study is important because soil is an important natural resource in agricultural production, and because it suffers from some problems that have led to its deterioration. Five samples of this soil were taken and analyzed in the laboratory in order to identify the amount of salinity present in the body of this soil. Some spectral indicators were also used to analyze and evaluate the extent of deterioration. The results of laboratory analysis confirmed that the soil suffers from a significant increase in salinity. High values were recorded in the results of laboratory analysis for three samples out of five, namely (C-A-E), reaching values of (82.4 - 60.2 - 45.8) millimos. It also suffers from wind erosion, which is active during the dry season, causing sand to move towards this soil and cover its surface. This is exacerbated by some incorrect methods practiced by farmers, such as plowing the land during this season and overgrazing. This is also exacerbated by the scarcity of natural vegetation. The NDSI salinity index indicates that the (high salinity soil type) recorded in the year (2010) a value of (81.1) km2 and a percentage of (57.4%), to increase in the year (2022) to reach (112.9%) and a percentage of (79.8%), which is a very large percentage compared to what it was in the year (2010). As for the sand dune index (NDI), it indicated that the (high sand dune soil type) recorded in the year (2010) a value of (74.4) km2 and a percentage of (52.6%), to decrease in the year (2022) to reach (56.9%) and a percentage of (40.3%), and that this type occupied the largest part of the region for the years studied (2010 - 2022). The soil degradation index (LDI) indicates that (moderate degradation) was recorded in July at (62.7) km2, at a rate of (45.4%), and in December it was recorded at (75.1) km2, at a rate of (53.9%), which is the highest among other types. What is striking in this type is that the December, which is considered humid, recorded a higher value than July, which is considered dry.